# Lecture 9a: The Latter Prophets

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##### Hebrew Bible Sections

- Law (Torah)
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 
    - Former Prophets (Nevi'im Rishonim)
    - Latter Prophets (Nevi'im Akharonim)
- Writings (Ketuvim)

##### The Latter Prophets

- Hebrew/Jewish Bible numbers 15 Prophets: Isaiah, Ezekiel, Jeremiah and "The Twelve". The Book of Daniel is part of the Ketuvim (Writings).
- The Christian Old Testament contains 16 Prophets: 4 Major, 12 Minor
- Prophets are messengers of God's revelation 
    - Prophet "nabi" - comes from an old root "n-b-'" meaning "to call, to summon up, to speak on behalf of" - this could refer to the prophetic call (God calls his prophets to be his messengers) or the prophet "calling/summoning up" the people and "speaking" on behalf of God
- Prophets can be divided into: 
    - Non-writing Prophets (sometimes called Primitive Prophets) 
        - Begins with Moses and continues with other non-writing prophets like Samuel, Nathan, Gad, Elijah, Elisha
    - Writing (Classical) Prophets 
        - Those with books in the Old Testament
        - Emerged in 8th Century BC in both Kingdoms
- Prophets Can be divided Chronologically 
    - 8th Century BC Prophets (North: Hosea, Amos; South: Isaiah, Micah)
    - 7th Century BC Prophets
    - 7th-6th Century BC Prophets
    - Exilic Prophets
    - Post-Exilic Prophets

#### 8th Century BC Prophets

##### Context

- Rise of Assyria
- Tiglath-Pileser III (734 BC, the Syro-Ephraimite war; Isaiah and king Ahaz of Judah (Isaiah 7))
- Sargon II (722 BC, the fall of Samaria and exile; King Hoshea of Israel)
- Sennacherib (701 BC, the siege of Judah and Jerusalem; King Hezekiah of Judah)

##### Amos (760-745 BC)

- Amos 5:18-27
- Amos 5:23-24
- Amos 7
- Amos 9
- Amos 9:11