# The Lamb of God Teachings of Christ in the Gospel of John # John 6:22-71 — I am the Bread of Life "No one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him; and I will raise him up at the last day." (John 6:44) - Father draws him? Does that mean predestination? - Need to look at the verse in the context of the rest of the Scripture - Scripture interprets Scripture... taking the verse by itself may connote predestination, but if you read the WHOLE Bible, you cannot come to that conclusion - e.g. "And I, if I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all *peoples* to Myself.” (John 12:32) - Seems to nullify... - This is in John 7 part 1 of Search the Scriptures Live # John 7-8 — Controversies about Jesus ##### The Trial Motif - Christ never got a real trial - St John is giving Him the Trial He deserved throughout His Gospel - Prologue - "This man came for a **witness**, to **bear witness** of the Light, that all through him might believe. He was not that Light, but was sent to **bear witness** of that Light." (John 1:7-8) - "John **bore witness** of Him" (John 1:15) - "And John **bore witness**, saying,..." (John 1:32) - "He **confessed**, and **did not deny**, but **confessed**, 'I am not the Christ.'" (John 1:20) - Nicodemus - "Most assuredly, I say to you, We speak what We know and **testify what We have seen**, and you do not receive **Our witness**." (John 3:11) - The Fourfold witness - “If I bear witness of Myself, My witness is not true. ³²There is another who bears witness of Me, and I know that the witness which He witnesses of Me is true. ³³You have sent to John, and he has borne witness to the truth. ³⁴Yet I do not receive testimony from man, but I say these things that you may be saved. ³⁵He was the burning and shining lamp, and you were willing for a time to rejoice in his light. ³⁶But I have a greater witness than John’s; for the works which the Father has given Me to finish—the very works that I do—bear witness of Me, that the Father has sent Me. ³⁷And the Father Himself, who sent Me, has testified of Me. You have neither heard His voice at any time, nor seen His form. ³⁸But you do not have His word abiding in you, because whom He sent, Him you do not believe. ³⁹You search the Scriptures, for in them you think you have eternal life; and these are they which testify of Me. ⁴⁰But you are not willing to come to Me that you may have life." (John 5:31-40) - John the Baptist - The works which the Father has given Me to finish - The Father Himself - The Scriptures ##### Jesus' Brothers Disbelieve ¹After these things Jesus walked in Galilee; for He did not want to walk in Judea, because the Jews sought to kill Him. ²Now the Jews’ Feast of Tabernacles was at hand. ³His brothers therefore said to Him, “Depart from here and go into Judea, that Your disciples also may see the works that You are doing. ⁴For no one does anything in secret while he himself seeks to be known openly. If You do these things, show Yourself to the world.” ⁵For even His brothers did not believe in Him. ⁶Then Jesus said to them, “My time has not yet come, but your time is always ready. ⁷The world cannot hate you, but it hates Me because I testify of it that its works are evil. ⁸You go up to this feast. I am not yet going up to this feast, for My time has not yet fully come.” ⁹When He had said these things to them, He remained in Galilee. ¹⁰But when His brothers had gone up, then He also went up to the feast, not openly, but as it were in secret. ¹¹Then the Jews sought Him at the feast, and said, “Where is He?” - Jews want to kill Him - This section starts (John 7:1) with them wanting to kill Him because He said He is the Bread of Life and to eat His Flesh and drink His Blood (John 6) and ends with them picking up stones to kill Him (John 8:59) - Feast of Tabernacles - Harvest festival - late summer, early fall - Festival that remembers their wandering in the desert - Manna - Water from the Rock - Light (Pillar of Fire) - Today, Jews will try to spend as much time outdoors as possible - Maybe just in the backyard - In Biblical Times, there were elaborate celebrations at Jerusalem - The Lord gave them water from a Rock - Drawing water from the Pool of Siloam - Jesus will say "If anyone thirsts, let him come to Me and drink." (John 7:37) - The Lord gave them light as a pillar of fire - At night, they would have celebrations with light - a huge candelabra that burned all night long (e.g. Olympic Flame) - Jesus will say "I am the Light of the World." (John 8:12) - His brothers did not believe in Him - They are telling Him to go to Judea because everyone was there for the feast - They know that He lost many disciples in John 6 - Who are the brothers? Relatives - cousins - Not His brothers... or He would not have given St Mary to St John - Also, the way they speak to Him is like a "younger brother" - speaking with authority over Him. Very Jewish-ism - They send for Him (Mark 3:31-32) - Some say they are older sons of Joseph from His departed wife - Did they not believe Him entirely? - They believe in His signs, but they don't believe in Him like the disciples - Disciples believe He is the Christ... - Disciples believed He is the Son of God... - Disciples believed Hs is the King of Israel... - The brothers see Him more familiarly ("we saw Him grow up!") - My time has not yet come, but your time is always ready... My time has not yet fully come - Time/Hour are themes in this gospel - show that there is a plan of salvation - Compare with John 2 - Wedding of Cana "My time has not yet come" - but for His mother, it's okay - Jesus goes up privately - He is going according to the will of the Father - He is not lying or tricking the brothers - Privately... - Most people still did not recognize Him (this Gospel is more early ministry) - If He had gone with the brothers, it would have been a large group - Rather, He goes by Himself, and He is able to hear what the Jews are saying about Him - The Jews - Different groups - but John just says Jews ##### Criticism #1: He Deceives the People ¹²And there was much complaining among the people concerning Him. Some said, “He is good”; others said, “No, on the contrary, He deceives the people.” ¹³However, no one spoke openly of Him for fear of the Jews. - Crowd is divided about Him - "He is good" - "He deceives the people" (He leads the people astray) - Deuteronomy 13 - Punishment of death ##### Criticism #2: He Has Not Studied ¹⁴Now about the middle of the feast Jesus went up into the temple and taught. ¹⁵And the Jews marveled, saying, “How does this Man know letters, having never studied?” ¹⁶Jesus answered them and said, “My doctrine is not Mine, but His who sent Me. ¹⁷If anyone wills to do His will, he shall know concerning the doctrine, whether it is from God or *whether* I speak on My own *authority.* ¹⁸He who speaks from himself seeks his own glory; but He who seeks the glory of the One who sent Him is true, and no unrighteousness is in Him. ¹⁹Did not Moses give you the law, yet none of you keeps the law? Why do you seek to kill Me?” - Scribes would teach by Rabbinic Authority - they would give a teaching and quote a Rabbi (e.g. Rabbi Hillel) - Christ would teach with His own authority - He is uneducated - He has no authority - He has no education - He doesn't know what He's talking about - These criticisms would have come from the elite, those who are educated - Especially that they see the signs and the signs/miracles witness to His legitimacy - it shows that He has a kind of authority from God, but not the authority that they have ##### Criticism #3: He Has a Demon ²⁰The people answered and said, “You have a demon. Who is seeking to kill You?” ##### Criticism #4: He Breaks the Law of Moses ²¹Jesus answered and said to them, “I did one work, and you all marvel. ²²Moses therefore gave you circumcision (not that it is from Moses, but from the fathers), and you circumcise a man on the Sabbath. ²³If a man receives circumcision on the Sabbath, so that the law of Moses should not be broken, are you angry with Me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath? ²⁴Do not judge according to appearance, but judge with righteous judgment.” - I did one work - the healing of the paralytic in John 5 - It's not that He did this work only, but that this one was on the Sabbath - But they also made exceptions for the Sabbath... circumcision! Routinely!!! And it's not even life or death ##### Criticism #5: We Know Where He is From ²⁵Now some of them from Jerusalem said, “Is this not He whom they seek to kill? ²⁶But look! He speaks boldly, and they say nothing to Him. Do the rulers know indeed that this is truly the Christ? ²⁷However, we know where this Man is from; but when the Christ comes, no one knows where He is from.” ²⁸Then Jesus cried out, as He taught in the temple, saying, “You both know Me, and you know where I am from; and I have not come of Myself, but He who sent Me is true, whom you do not know. ²⁹But I know Him, for I am from Him, and He sent Me.” ³⁰Therefore they sought to take Him; but no one laid a hand on Him, because His hour had not yet come. ³¹And many of the people believed in Him, and said, “When the Christ comes, will He do more signs than these which this *Man* has done?” ³²The Pharisees heard the crowd murmuring these things concerning Him, and the Pharisees and the chief priests sent officers to take Him. ³³Then Jesus said to them, “I shall be with you a little while longer, and *then* I go to Him who sent Me. ³⁴You will seek Me and not find *Me,* and where I am you cannot come.” ³⁵Then the Jews said among themselves, “Where does He intend to go that we shall not find Him? Does He intend to go to the Dispersion among the Greeks and teach the Greeks? ³⁶What is this thing that He said, ‘You will seek Me and not find Me, and where I am you cannot come’?” ³⁷On the last day, that great *day* of the feast, Jesus stood and cried out, saying, “If anyone thirsts, let him come to Me and drink. ³⁸He who believes in Me, as the Scripture has said, out of his heart will flow rivers of living water.” ³⁹But this He spoke concerning the Spirit, whom those believing in Him would receive; for the Holy Spirit was not yet *given,* because Jesus was not yet glorified. - Folk belief had developed among the Jews that the Messiah would spring up all of a sudden and no one would know where he came from, and he would only be revealed if Elijah came and revealed him - John the Baptist - He is Elijah who came and the testified of Him - Of course it's true that they don't know where He is from because He is from heaven ##### Criticism #6: He is not from Bethlehem ⁴⁰Therefore many from the crowd, when they heard this saying, said, “Truly this is the Prophet.” ⁴¹Others said, “This is the Christ.” But some said, “Will the Christ come out of Galilee? ⁴²Has not the Scripture said that the Christ comes from the seed of David and from the town of Bethlehem, where David was?” ⁴³So there was a division among the people because of Him. ⁴⁴Now some of them wanted to take Him, but no one laid hands on Him. - Generally speaking, people were not born in one place and moved elsewhere... they lived where they were born - We know that He was born in Bethlehem ##### He Bears Witness of Himself ¹²Then Jesus spoke to them again, saying, “I am the light of the world. He who follows Me shall not walk in darkness, but have the light of life.” ¹³The Pharisees therefore said to Him, “You bear witness of Yourself; Your witness is not true.” ¹⁴Jesus answered and said to them, “Even if I bear witness of Myself, My witness is true, for I know where I came from and where I am going; but you do not know where I come from and where I am going. ¹⁵You judge according to the flesh; I judge no one. ¹⁶And yet if I do judge, My judgment is true; for I am not alone, but I *am* with the Father who sent Me. ¹⁷It is also written in your law that the testimony of two men is true. ¹⁸I am One who bears witness of Myself, and the Father who sent Me bears witness of Me.” ¹⁹Then they said to Him, “Where is Your Father?” Jesus answered, “You know neither Me nor My Father. If you had known Me, you would have known My Father also.” ²⁰These words Jesus spoke in the treasury, as He taught in the temple; and no one laid hands on Him, for His hour had not yet come. - I judge no one - Yet! - But if I did, My judgment would be true! - Two Witnesses - Your Law states we need two witnesses... - I am One and the Father who set Me is the Other - So they say... okay well where/Who is Your Father? ²¹Then Jesus said to them again, “I am going away, and you will seek Me, and will die in your sin. Where I go you cannot come.” ²²So the Jews said, “Will He kill Himself, because He says, ‘Where I go you cannot come’?” ²³And He said to them, “You are from beneath; I am from above. You are of this world; I am not of this world. ²⁴Therefore I said to you that you will die in your sins; for if you do not believe that I am *He,* you will die in your sins.” ²⁵Then they said to Him, “Who are You?” And Jesus said to them, “Just what I have been saying to you from the beginning. ²⁶I have many things to say and to judge concerning you, but He who sent Me is true; and I speak to the world those things which I heard from Him.” ²⁷They did not understand that He spoke to them of the Father. ²⁸Then Jesus said to them, “When you lift up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am *He,* and *that* I do nothing of Myself; but as My Father taught Me, I speak these things. ²⁹And He who sent Me is with Me. The Father has not left Me alone, for I always do those things that please Him.” ³⁰As He spoke these words, many believed in Him. - You will seek Me and will die in your sin - Sin is unbelief - They will seek Him because they will recognize Who He is but it will be too late ³¹Then Jesus said to those Jews who believed Him, “If you abide in My word, you are My disciples indeed. ³²And you shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.” ³³They answered Him, “We are Abraham’s descendants, and have never been in bondage to anyone. How *can* You say, ‘You will be made free’?” ³⁴Jesus answered them, “Most assuredly, I say to you, whoever commits sin is a slave of sin. ³⁵And a slave does not abide in the house forever, *but* a son abides forever. ³⁶Therefore if the Son makes you free, you shall be free indeed. ³⁷“I know that you are Abraham’s descendants, but you seek to kill Me, because My word has no place in you. ³⁸I speak what I have seen with My Father, and you do what you have seen with your father.” ³⁹They answered and said to Him, “Abraham is our father.” Jesus said to them, “If you were Abraham’s children, you would do the works of Abraham. ⁴⁰But now you seek to kill Me, a Man who has told you the truth which I heard from God. Abraham did not do this. ⁴¹You do the deeds of your father.” Then they said to Him, “We were not born of fornication; we have one Father—God.” ⁴²Jesus said to them, “If God were your Father, you would love Me, for I proceeded forth and came from God; nor have I come of Myself, but He sent Me. ⁴³Why do you not understand My speech? Because you are not able to listen to My word. ⁴⁴You are of *your* father the devil, and the desires of your father you want to do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and does not stand in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaks a lie, he speaks from his own *resources,* for he is a liar and the father of it. ⁴⁵But because I tell the truth, you do not believe Me. ⁴⁶Which of you convicts Me of sin? And if I tell the truth, why do you not believe Me? ⁴⁷He who is of God hears God’s words; therefore you do not hear, because you are not of God.” ##### Criticism #7: You are a Samaritan ⁴⁸Then the Jews answered and said to Him, “Do we not say rightly that You are a Samaritan and have a demon?” ⁴⁹Jesus answered, “I do not have a demon; but I honor My Father, and you dishonor Me. ⁵⁰And I do not seek My *own* glory; there is One who seeks and judges. ⁵¹Most assuredly, I say to you, if anyone keeps My word he shall never see death.” ⁵²Then the Jews said to Him, “Now we know that You have a demon! Abraham is dead, and the prophets; and You say, ‘If anyone keeps My word he shall never taste death.’ ⁵³Are You greater than our father Abraham, who is dead? And the prophets are dead. Who do You make Yourself out to be?” ⁵⁴Jesus answered, “If I honor Myself, My honor is nothing. It is My Father who honors Me, of whom you say that He is your God. ⁵⁵Yet you have not known Him, but I know Him. And if I say, ‘I do not know Him,’ I shall be a liar like you; but I do know Him and keep His word. ⁵⁶Your father Abraham rejoiced to see My day, and he saw *it* and was glad.” ⁵⁷Then the Jews said to Him, “You are not yet fifty years old, and have You seen Abraham?” - Samaritan - They believed that heresy comes from the Samaritans (e.g. Simon Magus) - Theme in Gospel of John is that the Lord is speaking about something spiritual (eternal life) and they interpret it literally - If anyone keeps My word, he shall never see death..." - "Abraham and the prophets all died!!!" - Theme in Gospel of John - Christ distinguishes Himself from the Father, and at the same time reveals His unity with the Father - Theme in Gospel of John - Christ knows the Father uniquely - Abraham rejoiced to see My day, and he saw it and was glad - The Jews understood that Abraham saw the future in some way (e.g. Genesis 15) but for Christ to imply that HE is the one Abraham saw, is shocking. ##### Criticism #8: He Makes Himself to be God ⁵⁸Jesus said to them, “Most assuredly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I AM.” ⁵⁹Then they took up stones to throw at Him; but Jesus hid Himself and went out of the temple, going through the midst of them, and so passed by. - Very clear, that He is making Himself to be God - so they want to stone Him. - "Before Abraham was, I AM" - I AM is the name of God - Jesus escapes from them because His time had not yet come # John 7:53-8:11 — Woman Caught in Adultery ##### John 7:53-8:11 And everyone went to his own house. But Jesus went to the Mount of Olives. Now early in the morning He came again into the temple, and all the people came to Him; and He sat down and taught them. Then the scribes and Pharisees brought to Him a woman caught in adultery. And when they had set her in the midst, they said to Him, “Teacher, this woman was caught in adultery, in the very act. Now Moses, in the law, commanded us that such should be stoned. But what do You say?” This they said, testing Him, that they might have something of which to accuse Him. But Jesus stooped down and wrote on the ground with His finger, as though He did not hear. So when they continued asking Him, He raised Himself up and said to them, “He who is without sin among you, let him throw a stone at her first.” And again He stooped down and wrote on the ground. Then those who heard it, being convicted by their conscience, went out one by one, beginning with the oldest even to the last. And Jesus was left alone, and the woman standing in the midst. When Jesus had raised Himself up and saw no one but the woman, He said to her, “Woman, where are those accusers of yours? Has no one condemned you?” She said, “No one, Lord.” And Jesus said to her, “Neither do I condemn you; go and sin no more.” ##### Authenticity of the Passage to the Gospel of John - Manuscript Witness - Earliest Greek manuscripts do NOT include the story - These verses are present in over 900 manuscripts of John - Some place it in its place John 7:53-8 :11 - Some place the story after John 7:36 - Some place it after John 21:25 (end of Gospel) - Some place it in Luke after Luke 21:38 (right before the Passion) - Some place it in Luke after 24:53 (end of Gospel) - Liturgical Witness - These verses are not read liturgically at any point in the year - neither in the Coptic Orthodox Church, neither in the Eastern Orthodox Church - Patristic Witness - Most Greek Fathers do NOT mention this story - Irenaeus, Tertullian, Cyprian - Cyril of Alexandria - John Chrysostom (Homily 52 on John (John 7:45-8:19) does not have ANY mention) - Latin Fathers DO mention this story - St Jerome included it in the Vulgate in John 8, which probably solidified its inclusion - St Augustine (Tractate 33) - St Ambrose - St Didymus the Blind - Commentaries on Ecclesiastes 223 - We find therefore in some gospels: a woman, he says, was condemned by the Jews for a sin and was being sent to be stoned in the place where this was accustomed to happen. The savior, he says, having seen her and having observed that they were ready to stone her, said to those who were about to cast stones at her: "Whoever has not sinned, let him take a stone and cast it himself." If anyone is conscious in himself of not having sinned, let him take a stone and strike her. And no one dared; having checked themselves and known that they themselves were also liable for certain things, they did not dare to condemn that woman. - Syriac Didascalia Apostolorum - Preserves a similar story about the Lord - Arguments Against Johannine Authorship - Breaks the flow of John's Narrative - John 7-8 is a Trial for the Lord - All the arguments made against the Lord - He's speaking about the Feast of Tabernacles... water, light, etc. - John 7:37-39 - Living Water - John 8:12 - Light of the World - "And Jesus was left alone, and the woman standing in the midst." - they are alone... and then the next verse "Then Jesus spoke to them again, saying, 'I am the light of the world.'" - Hapax Legomena (words that appear only once) - John never refers to "the scribes" anywhere else in his Gospel (usually "the Jews") - 13 other words in this section that are not found anywhere else in John's Gospel - Evidence for Lukan Authorship - Forgiveness Theme - Prodigal Son, Zacchaeus, Sinful Woman at Simon's House, Thief on the Cross - "Scribes and Pharisees" - Christ in the Temple usually is standing and proclaiming, not sitting and teaching - "in the midst" - Used in Synoptics and also used in Acts 4 - Did it actually happen? - Absolutely! - Question of how the death sentence should be carried out was a highly debated topic (i.e. Stoning vs Strangling) - The Person of Christ here is not unusual or strange - Why might it be missing from the Gospels? - Not everything the Lord did was written down - Some believe it was originally part of John or Luke and it was taken out for being scandalous (i.e. looks like Jesus was being soft on adultery) ##### Adultery - What is adultery? - Violation of a marriage - Different from fornication (porneia) - A married man could have relations with a woman who was not an Israelite, or who was not married to an Israelite, because that would not be an offense to **his neighbor** - Woman is considered to be the property of her husband - It is not a matter of morality for her - But a matter of property for the husband - Double standard for men and women - Christ changes all of that - He makes it adultery if the husband has relations with anyone (not just the wife) - Christianity uplifts women to a status of equality with men - Husbands are required to be faithful - St Paul says the wife has authority over the husband's body, and the husband over the wife's - Christ says if a man remarries after divorcing his wife, he has committed adultery - To be caught breaking the Law of Moses... - Two eyewitnesses with the same details, witnessing the same thing at the same time - Witnesses need to warn someone in advance if they are about to break the Law of Moses - Husband cannot be witness against his wife - What are the chances this happens in adultery? For this reason, adultery was almost NEVER prosecuted. - Never happens in front of eyewitnesses - Never has advance warning ##### Interpretation - Did she commit adultery? - Where is the man? (It takes two to commit adultery) - Maybe the husband set this up - Wives cannot divorce husbands, but husbands could divorce wives. If he divorced her, he had to give her back the dowry - Maybe he doesn't have the dowry anymore, or lost it - Maybe the man got away - Maybe the man paid for his freedom (to the husband) - Was stoning required? - The Law required adulterers be put to death, but not necessarily by stoning - "What do you say?" - This is a test for Christ - If He says to stone her (or kill her), then He will be seen by the people as not compassionate or merciful - If He says not to stone her, then He is going against the Law of Moses - He stoops down and writes with His finger on the ground, while they keep asking Him "what do you say?" - St Augustine - " - Writing with the Finger - Lots of references to the arm in the Bible, but not many to the finger - Writing of the Law - Deuteronomy 9:10 - "Then the Lord delivered to me two tablets of stone written with the finger of God, and on them *were* all the words which the Lord had spoken to you on the mountain from the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly." - Exodus 31:18 "He gave Moses two tablets of the Testimony, tablets of stone, written with the finger of God." - Casting out demons - Exodus 8:19 - "Then the magicians said to Pharaoh, “This *is* the finger of God.” But Pharaoh’s heart grew hard, and he did not heed them, just as the Lord had said." - Luke 11:20 - "But if I cast out demons with the finger of God, surely the kingdom of God has come upon you." - Many commentators say that Christ was writing the Law - He who is without sin among you, let him throw a stone at her first. - ἀναμάρτητος (anamartitos) - "He who is without sin" - Some argue it means "if you are not guilty of adultery..." but it is highly unlikely that ALL of the people standing there were guilty of adultery - It is a call for recognition that we are ALL guilty of SOMETHING - If you brought the accusation of a capital crime, you were required to throw the first stone. This was a way the Jewish Law tried to make sure accusers told the truth and were careful not to bring charges rashly or falsely. If you falsely accused someone, you would receive the same punishment you were prepared to give that person (e.g. Susanna) - Christ reversed the whole situation on them - They brought her to him in order to trap her and to trap Him - But now, it is the accusers who are trapped: - The Law requires us to stone her!! Now they have to decide if they're going to throw the stone or not - If they don't throw the stone, then they violate the Law of Moses - If they throw the stone, they are saying they are without sin - They went out one by one, beginning with the oldest, even to the last - Has no one condemned you? - κατακρίνω - Christ's Leniency - "Sin no more" - Implies that she was guilty of *something* # John 13:31-16:33 — Farewell Discourse - "Now the Son of Man is glorified, and God is glorified in Him" - "Little children" - Very affectionate - The love between Jesus and the disciples - "A new commandment" - Love is not an ENTIRELY new commandment - There was "Love God" and "Love your neighbor" - Matthew, Mark and Luke talked about the New Covenant - John talks about the New Commandment - The old standard was love your neighbor as yourself - The new standard is to love one another as I have loved you - Love of Christ is not doing something because I owe it to them or there is some debt... - Christ's love is a FREE GIFT of love (Grace) - Anselm's satisfaction theory of atonement is so foreign... that Christ died for us in order to pay a debt... God the Father DEMANDED Blood... that removes the VOLUNTARY aspect; the LOVE aspect - Repetitiveness of John 14-15-16 is a "chiasm" - Statement 1 - Statement 2 - Statement 3 - Main Point - Statement 3 - Statement 2 - Statement 1 -